|
Uttarakhand movement is termed to the events of statehood activism within the state Uttar Pradesh which ultimately resulted in a separate state Uttarakhand of the Republic of India. Uttarakhand became a separate state off Uttar Pradesh at November 9, 2000. It is notable that the formation of Uttarakhand was achieved with a very long struggle and heavy sacrifices. The first demand of Uttarakhand arose in 1897 and there had gradually been rising demand for a separate state several times. In 1994, the demand of the statehood eventually took the form of mass movement that resulted in the forming of country's 27th state on due date. ==Brief history== The important dates and events that played a key role in the struggle for the formation of the Uttarakhand state are: * As a unit of Indian independence movement in 1913, national general convention of the Indian National Congress was held in Uttarakhand. Most representatives from Uttarakhand participated in the session. The same year in Uttarakhand, Tamta Sudharini Sabha held the convention for the upliftment of backwards and oppressed people of the area, as the ''Shilpkar Mahasabha''. * In September 1916, the Kumaon Parishad was founded by some young enthusiasts named Govind Ballabh Pant, Hargobind Pant, Badri Datt Pandey, Indralal Shah, Mohan Singh Damarwal Chandra Lal Shah Prem Ballabh Pandey, Bhola Datt Pandey and Lakshmi Datt Shastri with the main objective to solve social and economic problems of the hill region. By 1926, in addition to the local general reforms, certain political objectives were added to the organization's goals. In the Provincial elections of 1923 and 1926 the candidates of Kumaon Parishad, Govind Vallabh Pant Hargobind Pant, Mukundi Lal and Badri Datt Pandey badly defeated their counterparties. * In 1926 Kumaon Parishad was merged in the Indian National Congress. * In May 1938, according to official sources in then British Raj, in the national general convention of Indian National Congress held at Srinagar, Garhwal, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru favoured the cause of movement of the residents of hill region to have their own decisions according to their circumstances and supported the movement to enrich their culture. * In 1940, at Haldwani conference, Badri Datt Pandey voiced for the special status of the mountainous region. Anusuya Prasad Bahuguna proposed the formation of Kumaon - Garhwal as the separate units. In 1954 the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council member Indra Singh Nayal demanded the separate development plan for the highlands to then Chief Minsiter of Uttar Pradesh, Govind Ballabh Pant. In 1955 the Justice Fazal Ali commission recommended the Government of India, formation of hill region as a separate state. * In the year 1957, deputy chairman of the Planning Commission, T. T. Krishnamachari suggested special attention to be given to the issues of hill region. In May 12, 1970, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi addressed the issues of hill region and admitted that the diagnosis of the problems of hill region is the responsibility of both State and Central Governments. In July 24, 1979 the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal was founded in Mussoorie with the objective of the formation of a separate hill state. In June 1987 at the party convention of UKD in Karnaprayag, party leaders called for the constitution of conflict and isolation. In November 1987 UKD passed the party resolution for the formation of new state in the memorandum and the party president also sought to include Haridwar in the proposed state. * Throughout the year 1994, students allover the region participated in the collective movement for separate statehood and reservations. Uttarakhand movement then further intensified in the field by Anti-Uttarakhand statement of then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Mulayam Singh Yadav. The leaders of UKD held fast-unto-death in the support of their demand for a separate state. State government employees struck work for three months, and the events of Uttarakhand movement got more inestisfied with the blockades and confrontation with the police. Uttarakhand activists in Mussoorie and Khatima were shot down by the police. Under the aegis of the ''Samyukta Morcha'' in October 2, 1994 the massive demonstrations and protests for the support of statehood took place in the national capital Delhi. Thousands of the Uttarakhand activists marched to the Delhi to take participation in this struggle. The activists peacefully taking part in the demonstration near Rampur Tiraha crossing, Muzaffarnagar were tortured and openly fired without any warning prior to the firing. Policemen were also alleged for indecent behavior and rapes with women activists. Several people were killed and many were injured. This misadventure by the police added fuel to the fire for Uttarakhand movement. The next day October 3, the protests were called off for the demolition of firing and several deaths allover the region. * October 7, 1994, a female activist died after the brutal attack by police in Dehradun while she was protesting against Rampur Tiraha Firings, and the activists in return stormed the police station. * October 15, curfew took in Dehradun and one activist was killed on the same day. * October 27, 1994, then Home Minister of India, Rajesh Pilot held the talks with the statehood activists. Meanwhile at Sriyantra Tapu, Srinagar several activists were killed in a brutal attack by the police. * August 15, 1996, then Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda announced the formation of new state ''Uttaranchal'' from the Red Fort, Delhi. * in 1998 the BJP-led coalition government in the center sent the 'Uttaranchal Bill' to the Government of Uttar Pradesh through the President of India. With 26 amendments the Uttaranchal Bill was passed by the Uttar Pradesh Assembly and sent back to the Central Government. The Central Government on July 27, 2000, presented the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill 2000 in the Parliament of India. It was passed by Lok Sabha om August 1, 2000, and the Rajya Sabha passed the bill on August 10, 2000. Then President of India, K. R. Narayanan approved the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill, on August 28, 2000, and then it turned into Act and on the 9th November, 2000 the new state Uttaranchal came into existence as the 27th state of India now known as Uttarakhand. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Uttarakhand movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|